Computer Crime :: essays research papers

Computer Crime     Computer crimes need to be prevented and halted thought change magnitude reckoner network security measures as well as tougher laws and enforcement ofthose laws in cyberspace     Computer crime is generally defined as any(prenominal) crime accomplished throughspecial knowledge of ready reckoner technology. any that is required is a personal electronic calculating machine, a modem, and a phone line. increase instances of white-collar crimeinvolve computers as more businesses automate and schooling becomes animportant asset. Computers are objects of crime when they or their contents aredamaged, as when terrorists attack computer centers with explosives or gasoline,or when a "computer computer virus"--a platform capable of altering or erasing computermemory--is introduced into a computer system. As subjects of crime, computersrepresent the electronic environment in which frauds are programmed and kill an example is the transfer of money balances in accounts toperpetrators accounts for withdrawal. Computers are instruments of crime when apply to plan or control such criminal acts as building complex embezzlements that mightoccur over long periods of time, or when a computer operator uses a computer tosteal valuable information from an employer.     Computers pee-pee been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft,larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery, sincethe first cases were reported in 1958. One development of 1,500 computer crimesestablished that most of them were committed by trusted computer users withinbusinesses persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources.Much of known computer crime has consisted of enter false data into computers,which is simpler and safer than the complex process of writing a program tochange data already in the computer. With the advent of personal computers to falsify in formation and access computers by telephone, increasing numbers ofcrimes--mostly simple save costly electronic trespassing, copyrighted-informationpiracy, and vandalism--have been perpetrated by computer hobbyists, known as" cyberpunks," who presentation a high level of technical expertise. For many years, theterm hacker defined someone who was a wizard with computers and programing. Itwas an honor to be considered a hacker. But when a few hackers began to usetheir skills to break into private computer systems and steal money, orinterfere with the systems operations, the word acquired its current negativemeaning. form professional criminals have been attacking and using computersystems as they visualize their old activities and environments being automated.     There are not a banging number of valid statistics about the extent andresults of computer crime. Victims often drive reporting suspected cases,because they can lose more from embarrassment, lost reputation, litigation, and early(a) consequential losses than from the acts themselves.